英文和中文中的定语有非常大的不一样。中文中定语只有外置，而英语中定语既可外置也可后置摄像头。二者的不一样，不但主要表现结构类型，也主要表现在实际意义上。英语中的定语从句有时候从缘故、結果、目地或标准等层面对中心语多方面限制。因而，在对句法结构、前后文逻辑顺序深刻领会的前提条件下，为了更好地更确立地说明这类逻辑顺序，能够将定语从句译成相对的状语从句。另外特别注意的是，定语从句与中心语中间经常出现切分成份，而该切分成份中与定语从句紧挨着的专有名词，经常会被误以为定语从句的中心语。
因而，碰到这类构造，一定要依据前后文和基本常识开展分辨。汉语翻译定语从句时可选用提早译、次序译、分译或转译等多种多样方式。
1. As far as the third factor is concerned,the history of science shows many instances in which the force of authority has operated in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly powerful resistance to further investigation;in some cases centuries elapsed before this resistance was eventually broken down,as happened in cosmology,for example.
*一层： As far as the third factor is concerned ,状语从句1 the history 主 of science 定 shows 谓 many 定 instances 宾 in which the force of authority has operated in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly power- 定语从句 ful resistance to further investigation ; in some cases 状 centuries 主 elapsed 谓 before this resistance was eventually broken down,as 状语从句2 happened in cosmology,for example.
第二层： （状语从句1） As far as 引 the third factor 主语 is 系 concerned 表语
（定语从句） in which 引 the force 主 of authority 定 has operated 谓 in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly powerful re- 状 sistance to further investigation
（状语从句2） before 引 this resistance 主 was 系 eventually 状 broken down, 表 as happened in cosmology，for example 定语从句
第三层： （定语从句） as 引 happened 谓 in cosmology,状 for example. 插入语
关键点 本句由2个分句组成，以分号联接。*一个分句的主杆为the history of science shows many instances，in which正确引导的定语从句装饰instances，such ……as ……表結果，后接不定式；在第二个分句中，before 引出来時间状语从句：before this resistance was eventually broken down；代词as在这里是关系代词，引出来定语从句：as happened in cosmology。resistance：抵御（力）；摩擦阻力。cosmology：宇宙论，宇宙空间社会学。
译文翻译 对于第三个要素，科学史中有很多例证说明，*威性的能量具有那样一种功效：它给进一步的科学研究设定了一道极为坚固的阻碍；在很多状况下，要花上好多个新世纪的時间才可以最后摆脱这道阻碍。比如，在宇宙学中就产生过那样的事。
2. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
*一层： Behaviorists 主 suggest 谓 that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his 宾语从句 or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
第二层： （宾语从句） that 引 the child 主 who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity 定语从句
for appropriate responses will experience 谓 greater intellectual 定 development. 宾
第三层： （定语从句） who 引 is raised 谓 in an environment 状 where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for ap- 定语从句
propriate responses
第四层： （定语从句） where 引 there 引 are 系 many 定 stimuli 主 which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses 定语从句
第五层： （定语从句） which 引 develop 谓 his or her 定 capacity 宾 for appropriate 定 responses
关键点 依据前后文的逻辑顺序能够看得出，本句中suggest的词意并不是propose,只是bring an idea into the mind,因此 汉语翻译为…的观点是。who正确引导的定语从句装饰child，依据前后文的词义关联，译成条件句；where正确引导的定语从句装饰 environment,用合译法译出；which正确引导的从句装饰stimuli,用分译法开展汉语翻译。appropriate：合适的，相当的。
译文翻译 个人行为现实主义者的观点是，假如一个少年儿童在有很多刺激性要素的自然环境里长大了，而这种刺激性要素可以开发设计其相对的体现工作能力，那麼这一少年儿童将会出现更强的智商发展趋势。
3. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities - those of love and of reason - are the aims of all social arrangements.
关键点 本句为带有2个定语从句的主从复合句。主句的谓语动词suggest可配动名词作宾语。而宾语中的transform一词常见在transform sth. from …… into……构造中，译成“把…从…变化为…”。句中2个in which各自装饰其先行词industrialism，汉语翻译时须选用外置法。2个破折号中间的those of love and of reason为potentialities一词的同位语。
译文翻译 我建议把大家的社会形态从以**限度的生产制造和**限度的消费为目地的四风问题管理方法下的产业链体系变化为一个充分运用激发潜能——即爱和理性的潜力——为其所有社工之目地的人道主义精神产业链体系。
4. President Kennedy wanted people who raised questions,who criticized,on whose judgment he could rely, who presented an intelligent point of view,regardless of their rank or viewpoint.
关键点 本句中who……，who……，on whose……，who……四个定语从句并排，一同装饰中心语people。
译文翻译 肯尼迪总统*须提出问题的人、能提批评意见的人、作出靠谱分辨的人及其能明确提出聪明观点的人，而不谈她们的等级和见解。
5. In the soap war between Proctor and Gamble and Unilever, tremendous use is made of statistics to measure the dynamic difference in market resulting from the proportional allocation to advertising, which constitutes such a large part of their production costs before selling, so that they regard their production costs as production plus advertising costs.
关键点 此句构造非常复杂，但主句非常简单，主语为use，宾语为is made.主句一切正常词序为tremendous use of statistics is made to……， to measure……作目的状语，resulting from……为如今分词短语作difference的后置定语。which正确引导一个非约束性定语从句，装饰allocation to advertising.so that正确引导一个結果状语从句。plus为代词，意指“再加上”。soap war 为“香皂广告宣传对决”。
译文翻译 在Proctor and Gamble和 Unilever俩家公司中间的“香皂对决”中，彼此就很多应用了统计学专业知识来精确测量由相对的广告宣传资金投入所造成的销售市场上的动态性差别，这一项在前的产品成本中占很大一部分，因此 她们把产品成本当作是生产成本与推广费用之和。
6. Smart cards,which can carry as much as 80 times more information on them than conventional cards with a magnetic stripe,are already widely used in European countries where centralized banks can roll out new services on a nationwide basis.
关键点 本句为简易复合句。句架为Smart cards， which ……， are already widely used in European countries where……。which为关系代词，正确引导非约束性定语从句，装饰smart cards；where 为关系副词，正确引导定语从句，装饰countries.nationwide：*各地范畴内的。roll out：原意为“进行（翻卷的东西）”，这里为引申，指进行工作中。
译文翻译 感应卡乘载的数据量是一般IC卡信息内容载量的80几倍，早已在欧洲*普遍应用，因此使欧洲*央行得到在*各地范畴进行新式的服务项目。
7. How well the prediction will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
关键点 本句带有一个主语从句How well the prediction will be validated by later performance和一个定语从句with which it is interpreted.定语从句中it 代指prediction，该定语从句装饰the skill and wisdom.在翻译时主语从句用分译法，定语从句用合译法。validate：使合理；使有充足依据。
译文翻译 *分析在多多方面上为之后的主要表现所确认，这在于所选用信息内容的总数、可信性和环境承载力，还在于用于表述*分析的方法和聪慧。
8. Thus,to rectify the positions taken previously,where we contented ourselves with condemnations,in my delegation's opinion,we must find an overall solution which would come to grips with both the substance as well as the superficial aspects which,after all,serve only to compel us to keep this problem constantly on the Security Council's agendas.
关键点 本句带有三个定语从句where……condemnations，which would come to grips ……和which,after all, serve only to compel……。第二个定语从句翻译成同位构造；第三个定语从句同前后文有显著的逻辑关系，翻译成“由于…”。overall：从头至尾；总的，全方位的。
译文翻译 因而，大家访问团觉得，要改正大家以往采用的仅仅考虑于开展斥责的那类观点，大家务必寻找一个全方位的解决方案，既能处理实质层面的难题，又能处理解决表层的难题，由于仅处理表层难题终究只有驱使大家一次又一次地把这个问题纳入联合国安理会的议程安排。
9. We may define chemistry as the science in which we deal with the chemical change in matter as a result of which it is possible to form a new substance.
关键点 本句中有两个由which正确引导的定语从句：*一个定语从句的先行词是science，而不是chemistry;第二个定语从句的先行词是chemical change,而不是result或matter.
译文翻译 大家可以说，有机化学是阐述化学物质化学反应的科学研究，根据化学反应很有可能得到新的化学物质。
10. Time goes fast for one who has a sense of beauty,when there are pretty children in a pool and a young Diana on the edge,to receive with wonder anything you can catch！
关键点 本句由一个主句（Time goes fast）、2个定语从句（who……和you can catch）和一个状语从句（when……）构成。you can catch前省去了that.依照先产生的事儿先描述及其标准在先結果后面的中文习惯性，汉语翻译时要选用反序法。
译文翻译 对一个有艺术美，能以求知欲接受你能够捉到的任何东西的人而言，時间一直过得迅速，例如当戏蓄水池里几个可爱的孩子，池塘边也有一位如黛安娜一样年轻女子时。
